Pharaoh Summary
STEPBible TIPNR
Pharaoh, the Egyptian ruler who refused to release the Israelites from slavery, resulting in the ten plagues and the Exodus.
Pharaoh during Israel's Exodus from Egypt (EXO 3:10)
Names
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en
Pharaoh
that disperses; that spoils
- en of the Exodus · Title
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en
Pharaoh
· Title · H6547 G5328 · EXO 3:10 that disperses; that spoils
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en
King of Egypt
· Title · H4428, H4714 G532, G935, G125 · EXO 3:19 king [of] Egypt
- he פַּרְעֹה · H6547J
- he פַּרְעֹ֔ה parəoh · Title · H6547 · EXO 3:10
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he
מֶ֥לֶךְ מִצְרַ֖יִם
melek mitsərayim · Title · H4428, H4714 · EXO 3:19 king [of] Egypt
- el Φαραώ · G5328I
- el Φαραω PHarao · Title · G5328 · EXO 3:10
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el
Φαραω βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου
PHaraō basileùs Aigýptou · Title · G532, G935, G125 · EXO 3:19 Pharaoh, king of Egypt
- bg Фараон
Mentioned in (141)
Gen 12:15
Gen 37:36
Gen 40:7
Gen 40:11
Gen 40:13
Gen 40:20
Gen 40:21
Gen 47:14
Gen 47:20
Gen 47:25
Gen 47:26
Exod 2:7
Exod 2:8
Exod 2:9
Exod 2:10
Exod 3:10
Exod 3:11
Exod 3:18
Exod 3:19
Exod 4:21
Exod 4:22
Exod 5:1
Exod 5:2
Exod 5:4
Exod 5:5
Exod 5:6
Exod 5:10
Exod 5:14
Exod 5:15
Exod 5:20
Exod 5:21
Exod 5:23
Exod 6:1
Exod 6:11
Exod 6:12
Exod 6:13
Exod 6:27
Exod 6:29
Exod 6:30
Exod 7:1
Exod 7:2
Exod 7:3
Exod 7:4
Exod 7:7
Exod 7:9
Exod 7:10
Exod 7:11
Exod 7:13
Exod 7:14
Exod 7:15
Exod 7:20
Exod 7:22
Exod 7:23
Exod 8:1
Exod 8:8
Exod 8:9
Exod 8:12
Exod 8:15
Exod 8:19
Exod 8:20
Exod 8:24
Exod 8:25
Exod 8:28
Exod 8:29
Exod 8:30
Exod 8:31
Exod 8:32
Exod 9:1
Exod 9:7
Exod 9:8
Exod 9:10
Exod 9:12
Exod 9:13
Exod 9:20
Exod 9:27
Exod 9:33
Exod 9:34
Exod 9:35
Exod 10:1
Exod 10:3
Exod 10:6
Exod 10:7
Exod 10:8
Exod 10:11
Exod 10:16
Exod 10:18
Exod 10:20
Exod 10:24
Exod 10:27
Exod 10:28
Exod 11:1
Exod 11:3
Exod 11:5
Exod 11:8
Exod 11:9
Exod 11:10
Exod 12:29
Exod 12:30
Exod 13:15
Exod 13:17
Exod 14:3
Exod 14:4
Exod 14:5
Exod 14:8
Exod 14:9
Exod 14:10
Exod 14:17
Exod 14:18
Exod 14:23
Exod 14:28
Exod 15:4
Exod 15:19
Exod 18:4
Exod 18:8
Exod 18:10
Deut 6:21
Deut 6:22
Deut 7:8
Deut 7:18
Deut 11:3
Deut 29:2
Deut 34:11
1 Sam 2:27
1 Sam 6:6
1 Kgs 3:1
1 Kgs 7:8
1 Kgs 9:24
1 Kgs 11:20
2 Kgs 17:7
Neh 9:10
Ps 135:9
Ps 136:15
Song 1:9
Jer 37:5
Jer 37:7
Jer 37:11
Jer 43:9
Ezek 30:24
Acts 7:21
Rom 9:17
Heb 11:24
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Pharaoh Article
STEPBible TIPNR
This Pharaoh was the Egyptian ruler during the time of the Exodus (Exodus 3-14). When Moses and Aaron approached Pharaoh, demanding that he let the Israelites go, Pharaoh refused and increased their labor. God then sent a series of ten plagues upon Egypt, each time giving Pharaoh the opportunity to release the Israelites. However, Pharaoh repeatedly hardened his heart and refused to let them go until the tenth and final plague, the death of the firstborn.
After the death of his own firstborn son, Pharaoh finally relented and allowed the Israelites to leave Egypt. However, he soon changed his mind and pursued them with his army. God parted the Red Sea for the Israelites to cross on dry land, but when the Egyptian army attempted to follow, the sea closed in on them, drowning Pharaoh and his forces (Exo 14:28; Psalm Exo 136:15).
This Pharaoh is depicted as a stubborn and proud ruler who refused to acknowledge the power and authority of the God of Israel. His story serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ability to deliver His people from oppression (Rom 9:17). The Bible does not provide the specific name or historical identity of this Pharaoh, but some scholars suggest that he may have been Amenhotep II, Thutmose III, or Ramesses II, based on the historical and archaeological evidence.
Pharaoh 5 Dictionary
Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)
The Pharaoh of the Exodus was probably Menephtah I., the fourteenth and eldest surviving son of Rameses II. He resided at Zoan, where he had the various interviews with Moses and Aaron recorded in the book of Exodus. His mummy was not among those found at Deir el-Bahari. It is still a question, however, whether Seti II. or his father Menephtah was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Some think the balance of evidence to be in favour of the former, whose reign it is known began peacefully, but came to a sudden and disastrous end. The “Harris papyrus,” found at Medinet-Abou in Upper Egypt in 1856, a state document written by Rameses III., the second king of the Twentieth Dynasty, gives at length an account of a great exodus from Egypt, followed by wide-spread confusion and anarchy. This, there is great reason to believe, was the Hebrew exodus, with which the Nineteenth Dynasty of the Pharaohs came to an end. This period of anarchy was brought to a close by Setnekht, the founder of the Twentieth Dynasty.
“In the spring of 1896, Professor Flinders Petrie discovered, among the ruins of the temple of Menephtah at Thebes, a large granite stela, on which is engraved a hymn of victory commemorating the defeat of Libyan invaders who had overrun the Delta. At the end other victories of Menephtah are glanced at, and it is said that ‘the Israelites (I-s-y-r-a-e-l-u) are minished (?) so that they have no seed.’ Menephtah was son and successor of Rameses II., the builder of Pithom, and Egyptian scholars have long seen in him the Pharaoh of the Exodus. The Exodus is also placed in his reign by the Egyptian legend of the event preserved by the historian Manetho. In the inscription the name of the Israelites has no determinative of ‘country’ or ’district’ attached to it, as is the case with all the other names (Canaan, Ashkelon, Gezer, Khar or Southern Palestine, etc.) mentioned along with it, and it would therefore appear that at the time the hymn was composed, the Israelites had already been lost to the sight of the Egyptians in the desert. At all events they must have had as yet no fixed home or district of their own. We may therefore see in the reference to them the Pharaoh’s version of the Exodus, the disasters which befell the Egyptians being naturally passed over in silence, and only the destruction of the ‘men children’ of the Israelites being recorded. The statement of the Egyptian poet is a remarkable parallel to Ex. 1:10-22.”
Sources: BibleData (CC BY 4.0, Pharaoh_4) · STEPBible TIPNR (CC BY 4.0, Pharaoh@Exo.3.10-Rom) · Theographic Bible Metadata (CC BY-SA 4.0, pharaoh_2331)