Egypt

Place

Ancient nation; Israelites enslaved there; plagues and Exodus

Names

en Egypt
that troubles or oppresses; anguish
en Egypt,Egyptian · Also called
en Rahab · Also called
en Egyptians · Also called
en Ham · Also called
en Egyptian · Also called
en Lower · Also called
en Lower Egypt · Also called
en Nile · Also called
en Proud · Also called
en Proud One · Also called
en Rahab-Hem-Shebeth · Also called
he מִצְרַ֫יִם · H4714G
he מָצוֹר · H4693
he מְרִי · H4805G
he רַ֫הַב · H7293
he מִצְרִי · H4713
he חָם · H2526H
el Αἴγυπτος · G0125
el Αἰγύπτιος · G0124
bg Египет

Location

Kind: Country

Modern name: Ain Shams

Certainty: Disputed

26.490201, 29.880796 · Show on map

Mentioned in (715)

Gen 12:10 Gen 12:11 Gen 12:12 Gen 12:14 Gen 13:1 Gen 13:10 Gen 15:18 Gen 16:1 Gen 16:3 Gen 21:9 Gen 21:21 Gen 25:12 Gen 25:18 Gen 26:2 Gen 37:25 Gen 37:28 Gen 37:36 Gen 39:1 Gen 39:2 Gen 39:5 Gen 40:1 Gen 40:5 Gen 41:8 Gen 41:19 Gen 41:29 Gen 41:30 Gen 41:33 Gen 41:34 Gen 41:36 Gen 41:41 Gen 41:43 Gen 41:44 Gen 41:45 Gen 41:46 Gen 41:48 Gen 41:53 Gen 41:54 Gen 41:55 Gen 41:56 Gen 41:57 Gen 42:1 Gen 42:2 Gen 42:3 Gen 42:5 Gen 42:6 Gen 42:15 Gen 43:2 Gen 43:15 Gen 43:20 Gen 43:32 Gen 45:2 Gen 45:4 Gen 45:8 Gen 45:9 Gen 45:13 Gen 45:18 Gen 45:19 Gen 45:20 Gen 45:23 Gen 45:25 Gen 45:26 Gen 46:1 Gen 46:3 Gen 46:4 Gen 46:5 Gen 46:6 Gen 46:7 Gen 46:8 Gen 46:20 Gen 46:26 Gen 46:27 Gen 46:34 Gen 47:4 Gen 47:6 Gen 47:11 Gen 47:13 Gen 47:14 Gen 47:15 Gen 47:20 Gen 47:21 Gen 47:26 Gen 47:27 Gen 47:28 Gen 47:29 Gen 47:30 Gen 48:5 Gen 48:9 Gen 50:3 Gen 50:7 Gen 50:11 Gen 50:14 Gen 50:22 Gen 50:24 Gen 50:26 Exod 1:1 Exod 1:5 Exod 1:8 Exod 1:13 Exod 1:15 Exod 1:17 Exod 1:18 Exod 1:19 Exod 2:11 Exod 2:12 Exod 2:14 Exod 2:19 Exod 2:23 Exod 3:7 Exod 3:8 Exod 3:9 Exod 3:10 Exod 3:11 Exod 3:12 Exod 3:16 Exod 3:17 Exod 3:18 Exod 3:19 Exod 3:20 Exod 3:21 Exod 3:22 Exod 4:18 Exod 4:19 Exod 4:20 Exod 4:21 Exod 4:24 Exod 4:29 Exod 5:4 Exod 5:12 Exod 6:5 Exod 6:6 Exod 6:7 Exod 6:11 Exod 6:13 Exod 6:26 Exod 6:27 Exod 6:28 Exod 6:29 Exod 7:3 Exod 7:4 Exod 7:5 Exod 7:11 Exod 7:18 Exod 7:19 Exod 7:21 Exod 7:22 Exod 7:24 Exod 8:5 Exod 8:6 Exod 8:7 Exod 8:16 Exod 8:17 Exod 8:21 Exod 8:24 Exod 8:26 Exod 9:4 Exod 9:6 Exod 9:9 Exod 9:11 Exod 9:18 Exod 9:22 Exod 9:23 Exod 9:24 Exod 9:25 Exod 10:2 Exod 10:6 Exod 10:7 Exod 10:12 Exod 10:13 Exod 10:14 Exod 10:15 Exod 10:19 Exod 10:21 Exod 10:22 Exod 11:1 Exod 11:3 Exod 11:4 Exod 11:5 Exod 11:6 Exod 11:7 Exod 11:8 Exod 11:9 Exod 12:1 Exod 12:12 Exod 12:13 Exod 12:17 Exod 12:23 Exod 12:27 Exod 12:29 Exod 12:30 Exod 12:33 Exod 12:35 Exod 12:36 Exod 12:39 Exod 12:40 Exod 12:41 Exod 12:42 Exod 12:51 Exod 13:3 Exod 13:8 Exod 13:9 Exod 13:14 Exod 13:15 Exod 13:16 Exod 13:17 Exod 13:18 Exod 14:4 Exod 14:5 Exod 14:7 Exod 14:8 Exod 14:9 Exod 14:10 Exod 14:11 Exod 14:12 Exod 14:13 Exod 14:17 Exod 14:18 Exod 14:20 Exod 14:23 Exod 14:24 Exod 14:25 Exod 14:26 Exod 14:27 Exod 14:30 Exod 14:31 Exod 15:26 Exod 16:1 Exod 16:3 Exod 16:6 Exod 16:32 Exod 17:3 Exod 18:1 Exod 18:8 Exod 18:9 Exod 18:10 Exod 19:1 Exod 19:4 Exod 20:2 Exod 22:21 Exod 23:9 Exod 23:15 Exod 29:46 Exod 32:1 Exod 32:4 Exod 32:7 Exod 32:8 Exod 32:11 Exod 32:12 Exod 32:23 Exod 33:1 Exod 34:18 Lev 11:45 Lev 18:3 Lev 19:34 Lev 19:36 Lev 22:33 Lev 23:43 Lev 24:10 Lev 25:38 Lev 25:42 Lev 25:55 Lev 26:13 Lev 26:45 Num 1:1 Num 3:13 Num 8:17 Num 9:1 Num 10:11 Num 11:4 Num 11:5 Num 11:18 Num 11:20 Num 11:34 Num 13:22 Num 14:2 Num 14:3 Num 14:4 Num 14:13 Num 14:19 Num 14:22 Num 15:41 Num 16:13 Num 20:5 Num 20:15 Num 20:16 Num 21:5 Num 22:5 Num 22:11 Num 23:22 Num 24:8 Num 26:4 Num 26:59 Num 32:11 Num 33:1 Num 33:3 Num 33:4 Num 33:38 Deut 1:3 Deut 1:27 Deut 1:30 Deut 4:20 Deut 4:34 Deut 4:37 Deut 4:45 Deut 4:46 Deut 5:6 Deut 5:15 Deut 6:12 Deut 6:21 Deut 6:22 Deut 6:23 Deut 7:8 Deut 7:15 Deut 7:18 Deut 7:19 Deut 8:14 Deut 9:7 Deut 9:12 Deut 9:26 Deut 9:29 Deut 10:19 Deut 10:22 Deut 11:3 Deut 11:4 Deut 11:10 Deut 13:5 Deut 13:10 Deut 15:15 Deut 16:1 Deut 16:3 Deut 16:6 Deut 16:12 Deut 17:16 Deut 20:1 Deut 23:4 Deut 23:7 Deut 24:9 Deut 24:18 Deut 24:22 Deut 25:17 Deut 26:5 Deut 26:6 Deut 26:8 Deut 28:27 Deut 28:60 Deut 28:68 Deut 29:2 Deut 29:16 Deut 29:25 Deut 34:11 Josh 2:10 Josh 5:4 Josh 5:5 Josh 5:6 Josh 5:9 Josh 9:9 Josh 13:3 Josh 24:4 Josh 24:5 Josh 24:6 Josh 24:7 Josh 24:14 Josh 24:17 Josh 24:32 Judg 2:1 Judg 2:12 Judg 6:8 Judg 6:9 Judg 6:13 Judg 10:11 Judg 11:13 Judg 11:16 Judg 19:30 1 Sam 2:27 1 Sam 4:8 1 Sam 6:6 1 Sam 8:8 1 Sam 10:18 1 Sam 12:6 1 Sam 12:8 1 Sam 15:2 1 Sam 15:6 1 Sam 15:7 1 Sam 27:8 1 Sam 30:11 1 Sam 30:13 2 Sam 7:6 2 Sam 7:23 2 Sam 23:21 1 Kgs 3:1 1 Kgs 4:21 1 Kgs 4:30 1 Kgs 6:1 1 Kgs 8:9 1 Kgs 8:16 1 Kgs 8:21 1 Kgs 8:51 1 Kgs 8:53 1 Kgs 9:9 1 Kgs 9:16 1 Kgs 10:28 1 Kgs 10:29 1 Kgs 11:17 1 Kgs 11:18 1 Kgs 11:21 1 Kgs 11:40 1 Kgs 12:2 1 Kgs 12:20 1 Kgs 12:28 1 Kgs 14:25 2 Kgs 7:6 2 Kgs 17:4 2 Kgs 17:7 2 Kgs 17:36 2 Kgs 18:21 2 Kgs 18:24 2 Kgs 19:24 2 Kgs 21:15 2 Kgs 23:29 2 Kgs 23:34 2 Kgs 24:7 2 Kgs 25:26 1 Chr 2:34 1 Chr 4:40 1 Chr 11:23 1 Chr 13:5 1 Chr 17:5 1 Chr 17:21 2 Chr 1:16 2 Chr 1:17 2 Chr 5:10 2 Chr 6:5 2 Chr 7:22 2 Chr 9:26 2 Chr 9:28 2 Chr 10:2 2 Chr 12:2 2 Chr 12:3 2 Chr 12:9 2 Chr 20:10 2 Chr 26:8 2 Chr 35:20 2 Chr 36:3 2 Chr 36:4 Ezra 9:1 Neh 9:9 Neh 9:17 Neh 9:18 Ps 68:7 Ps 68:31 Ps 78:12 Ps 78:43 Ps 78:51 Ps 80:8 Ps 81:5 Ps 81:10 Ps 87:4 Ps 105:17 Ps 105:23 Ps 105:27 Ps 105:28 Ps 105:31 Ps 105:37 Ps 105:38 Ps 105:43 Ps 106:7 Ps 106:21 Ps 106:22 Ps 114:1 Ps 135:8 Ps 135:9 Ps 136:10 Ps 136:11 Prov 7:16 Isa 7:18 Isa 10:24 Isa 10:26 Isa 11:11 Isa 11:16 Isa 19:1 Isa 19:2 Isa 19:3 Isa 19:4 Isa 19:6 Isa 19:10 Isa 19:11 Isa 19:12 Isa 19:13 Isa 19:14 Isa 19:15 Isa 19:16 Isa 19:17 Isa 19:18 Isa 19:19 Isa 19:20 Isa 19:21 Isa 19:22 Isa 19:23 Isa 19:24 Isa 19:25 Isa 20:3 Isa 20:4 Isa 20:5 Isa 20:6 Isa 23:5 Isa 27:13 Isa 30:2 Isa 30:3 Isa 30:6 Isa 30:7 Isa 30:16 Isa 31:1 Isa 31:3 Isa 36:6 Isa 36:9 Isa 37:25 Isa 43:3 Isa 43:17 Isa 45:14 Isa 51:9 Isa 52:4 Isa 63:11 Jer 2:6 Jer 2:18 Jer 2:36 Jer 2:37 Jer 7:22 Jer 7:25 Jer 9:26 Jer 11:4 Jer 11:7 Jer 16:14 Jer 23:7 Jer 24:8 Jer 25:19 Jer 25:20 Jer 26:21 Jer 26:22 Jer 26:23 Jer 31:32 Jer 32:20 Jer 32:21 Jer 34:13 Jer 37:5 Jer 37:7 Jer 41:17 Jer 42:14 Jer 42:15 Jer 42:16 Jer 42:17 Jer 42:18 Jer 42:19 Jer 42:22 Jer 43:2 Jer 43:7 Jer 43:10 Jer 43:11 Jer 43:12 Jer 43:13 Jer 44:1 Jer 44:8 Jer 44:12 Jer 44:13 Jer 44:14 Jer 44:15 Jer 44:24 Jer 44:26 Jer 44:27 Jer 44:28 Jer 44:30 Jer 46:2 Jer 46:8 Jer 46:9 Jer 46:11 Jer 46:13 Jer 46:14 Jer 46:17 Jer 46:18 Jer 46:19 Jer 46:20 Jer 46:21 Jer 46:22 Jer 46:23 Jer 46:24 Jer 46:25 Jer 46:26 Lam 5:6 Ezek 16:26 Ezek 17:15 Ezek 19:4 Ezek 20:5 Ezek 20:6 Ezek 20:7 Ezek 20:8 Ezek 20:9 Ezek 20:10 Ezek 20:14 Ezek 20:22 Ezek 20:36 Ezek 23:3 Ezek 23:8 Ezek 23:19 Ezek 23:21 Ezek 23:27 Ezek 27:7 Ezek 29:2 Ezek 29:3 Ezek 29:6 Ezek 29:8 Ezek 29:9 Ezek 29:10 Ezek 29:12 Ezek 29:13 Ezek 29:14 Ezek 29:15 Ezek 29:16 Ezek 29:19 Ezek 29:20 Ezek 30:4 Ezek 30:5 Ezek 30:6 Ezek 30:7 Ezek 30:8 Ezek 30:9 Ezek 30:10 Ezek 30:11 Ezek 30:12 Ezek 30:13 Ezek 30:15 Ezek 30:16 Ezek 30:18 Ezek 30:19 Ezek 30:21 Ezek 30:22 Ezek 30:23 Ezek 30:24 Ezek 30:25 Ezek 30:26 Ezek 31:2 Ezek 31:10 Ezek 31:18 Ezek 32:2 Ezek 32:12 Ezek 32:14 Ezek 32:15 Ezek 32:16 Ezek 32:18 Ezek 32:19 Ezek 32:20 Ezek 32:21 Ezek 32:28 Dan 9:15 Dan 11:8 Dan 11:42 Dan 11:43 Hos 2:15 Hos 7:11 Hos 7:16 Hos 8:13 Hos 9:3 Hos 9:6 Hos 11:1 Hos 11:5 Hos 11:11 Hos 12:1 Hos 12:9 Hos 12:13 Hos 13:4 Joel 3:19 Amos 2:10 Amos 3:1 Amos 3:9 Amos 4:10 Amos 8:8 Amos 9:5 Amos 9:7 Mic 6:4 Mic 7:12 Mic 7:15 Nah 3:9 Hag 2:5 Zech 10:10 Zech 10:11 Zech 14:18 Zech 14:19 Matt 2:13 Matt 2:14 Matt 2:15 Matt 2:19 Acts 2:10 Acts 7:9 Acts 7:10 Acts 7:11 Acts 7:12 Acts 7:14 Acts 7:15 Acts 7:17 Acts 7:18 Acts 7:22 Acts 7:24 Acts 7:28 Acts 7:34 Acts 7:36 Acts 7:39 Acts 7:40 Acts 13:17 Acts 18:24 Acts 21:38 Heb 3:16 Heb 8:9 Heb 11:22 Heb 11:26 Heb 11:27 Heb 11:29 Jude 1:5 Rev 11:8

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Site of (16)

Birthplace of (4)

Joseph · c. 1746 BC
Aaron · c. 1575 BC
Moses · c. 1572 BC
Miriam

Place of death of (3)

Jacob · c. 1690 BC
Joseph · c. 1636 BC
Amram

pyramids of Giza in Egypt · Ricardo Liberato · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Official source

Egypt Summary STEPBible TIPNR

Egypt, a powerful nation where the Israelites were enslaved until God delivered them in the Exodus.

Egypt Article STEPBible TIPNR

Egypt was a prominent ancient civilization in northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River. In the Bible, Egypt is first mentioned as the place Abraham journeyed during a famine in Canaan (Genesis 12:10). Later, Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt but rose to power as a trusted official of Pharaoh. During a famine, Israel (or 'Jacob') and his family settled in Egypt with Joseph.

After generations passed, the Israelites were enslaved by the Egyptians (Exodus 1:8-14). God called Moses to deliver His people from bondage. After Pharaoh refused to free the Israelites, God sent ten plagues upon Egypt (Exodus 7-12). Finally, Pharaoh relented and the Israelites left in the Exodus. At the Red Sea, God miraculously allowed the Israelites to cross on dry ground but destroyed the pursuing Egyptian army (Exodus 14).

Egypt is often used in the Bible as a symbol of bondage and oppression. The prophets warned against trusting in Egypt's power instead of God (Isaiah 30:1-3, 31:1). Yet Egypt was also a place of refuge, as when Mary, Joseph and Jesus fled there to escape Herod (Matthew 2:13-15).

Egypt Dictionary Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)

The land of the Nile and the pyramids, the oldest kingdom of which we have any record, holds a place of great significance in Scripture.

The Egyptians belonged to the white race, and their original home is still a matter of dispute. Many scholars believe that it was in Southern Arabia, and recent excavations have shown that the valley of the Nile was originally inhabited by a low-class population, perhaps belonging to the Nigritian stock, before the Egyptians of history entered it. The ancient Egyptian language, of which the latest form is Coptic, is distantly connected with the Semitic family of speech.

Egypt consists geographically of two halves, the northern being the Delta, and the southern Upper Egypt, between Cairo and the First Cataract. In the Old Testament, Northern or Lower Egypt is called Mazor, “the fortified land” (Isa. 19:6; 37: 25, where the A.V. mistranslates “defence” and “besieged places”); while Southern or Upper Egypt is Pathros, the Egyptian Pa-to-Res, or “the land of the south” (Isa. 11:11). But the whole country is generally mentioned under the dual name of Mizraim, “the two Mazors.”

The civilization of Egypt goes back to a very remote antiquity. The two kingdoms of the north and south were united by Menes, the founder of the first historical dynasty of kings. The first six dynasties constitute what is known as the Old Empire, which had its capital at Memphis, south of Cairo, called in the Old Testament Moph (Hos. 9:6) and Noph. The native name was Mennofer, “the good place.”

The Pyramids were tombs of the monarchs of the Old Empire, those of Gizeh being erected in the time of the Fourth Dynasty. After the fall of the Old Empire came a period of decline and obscurity. This was followed by the Middle Empire, the most powerful dynasty of which was the Twelfth. The Fayyum was rescued for agriculture by the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty; and two obelisks were erected in front of the temple of the sun-god at On or Heliopolis (near Cairo), one of which is still standing. The capital of the Middle Empire was Thebes, in Upper Egypt.

The Middle Empire was overthrown by the invasion of the Hyksos, or shepherd princes from Asia, who ruled over Egypt, more especially in the north, for several centuries, and of whom there were three dynasties of kings. They had their capital at Zoan or Tanis (now San), in the north-eastern part of the Delta. It was in the time of the Hyksos that Abraham, Jacob, and Joseph entered Egypt. The Hyksos were finally expelled about B.C. 1600, by the hereditary princes of Thebes, who founded the Eighteenth Dynasty, and carried the war into Asia. Canaan and Syria were subdued, as well as Cyprus, and the boundaries of the Egyptian Empire were fixed at the Euphrates. The Soudan, which had been conquered by the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty, was again annexed to Egypt, and the eldest son of the Pharaoh took the title of “Prince of Cush.”

One of the later kings of the dynasty, Amenophis IV., or Khu-n-Aten, endeavoured to supplant the ancient state religion of Egypt by a new faith derived from Asia, which was a sort of pantheistic monotheism, the one supreme god being adored under the image of the solar disk. The attempt led to religious and civil war, and the Pharaoh retreated from Thebes to Central Egypt, where he built a new capital, on the site of the present Tell-el-Amarna. The cuneiform tablets that have been found there represent his foreign correspondence (about B.C. 1400). He surrounded himself with officials and courtiers of Asiatic, and more especially Canaanitish, extraction; but the native party succeeded eventually in overthrowing the government, the capital of Khu-n-Aten was destroyed, and the foreigners were driven out of the country, those that remained being reduced to serfdom.

The national triumph was marked by the rise of the Nineteenth Dynasty, in the founder of which, Rameses I., we must see the “new king, who knew not Joseph.” His grandson, Rameses II., reigned sixty-seven years (B.C. 1348-1281), and was an indefatigable builder. As Pithom, excavated by Dr. Naville in 1883, was one of the cities he built, he must have been the Pharaoh of the Oppression. The Pharaoh of the Exodus may have been one of his immediate successors, whose reigns were short. Under them Egypt lost its empire in Asia, and was itself attacked by barbarians from Libya and the north.

The Nineteenth Dynasty soon afterwards came to an end; Egypt was distracted by civil war; and for a short time a Canaanite, Arisu, ruled over it.

Then came the Twentieth Dynasty, the second Pharaoh of which, Rameses III., restored the power of his country. In one of his campaigns he overran the southern part of Palestine, where the Israelites had not yet settled. They must at the time have been still in the wilderness. But it was during the reign of Rameses III. that Egypt finally lost Gaza and the adjoining cities, which were seized by the Pulista, or Philistines.

After Rameses III., Egypt fell into decay. Solomon married the daughter of one of the last kings of the Twenty-first Dynasty, which was overthrown by Shishak I., the general of the Libyan mercenaries, who founded the Twenty-second Dynasty (1 Kings 11:40; 14:25, 26). A list of the places he captured in Palestine is engraved on the outside of the south wall of the temple of Karnak.

In the time of Hezekiah, Egypt was conquered by Ethiopians from the Soudan, who constituted the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. The third of them was Tirhakah (2 Kings 19:9). In B.C. 674 it was conquered by the Assyrians, who divided it into twenty satrapies, and Tirhakah was driven back to his ancestral dominions. Fourteen years later it successfully revolted under Psammetichus I. of Sais, the founder of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. Among his successors were Necho (2 Kings 23:29) and Hophra, or Apries (Jer. 37:5, 7, 11). The dynasty came to an end in B.C. 525, when the country was subjugated by Cambyses. Soon afterwards it was organized into a Persian satrapy.

The title of Pharaoh, given to the Egyptian kings, is the Egyptian Per-aa, or “Great House,” which may be compared to that of “Sublime Porte.” It is found in very early Egyptian texts.

The Egyptian religion was a strange mixture of pantheism and animal worship, the gods being adored in the form of animals. While the educated classes resolved their manifold deities into manifestations of one omnipresent and omnipotent divine power, the lower classes regarded the animals as incarnations of the gods.

Under the Old Empire, Ptah, the Creator, the god of Memphis, was at the head of the Pantheon; afterwards Amon, the god of Thebes, took his place. Amon, like most of the other gods, was identified with Ra, the sun-god of Heliopolis.

The Egyptians believed in a resurrection and future life, as well as in a state of rewards and punishments dependent on our conduct in this world. The judge of the dead was Osiris, who had been slain by Set, the representative of evil, and afterwards restored to life. His death was avenged by his son Horus, whom the Egyptians invoked as their “Redeemer.” Osiris and Horus, along with Isis, formed a trinity, who were regarded as representing the sun-god under different forms.

Even in the time of Abraham, Egypt was a flourishing and settled monarchy. Its oldest capital, within the historic period, was Memphis, the ruins of which may still be seen near the Pyramids and the Sphinx. When the Old Empire of Menes came to an end, the seat of empire was shifted to Thebes, some 300 miles farther up the Nile. A short time after that, the Delta was conquered by the Hyksos, or shepherd kings, who fixed their capital at Zoan, the Greek Tanis, now San, on the Tanic arm of the Nile. All this occurred before the time of the new king “which knew not Joseph” (Ex. 1:8). In later times Egypt was conquered by the Persians (B.C. 525), and by the Greeks under Alexander the Great (B.C. 332), after whom the Ptolemies ruled the country for three centuries. Subsequently it was for a time a province of the Roman Empire; and at last, in A.D. 1517, it fell into the hands of the Turks, of whose empire it still forms nominally a part. Abraham and Sarah went to Egypt in the time of the shepherd kings. The exile of Joseph and the migration of Jacob to “the land of Goshen” occurred about 200 years later. On the death of Solomon, Shishak, king of Egypt, invaded Palestine (1 Kings 14:25). He left a list of the cities he conquered.

A number of remarkable clay tablets, discovered at Tell-el-Amarna in Upper Egypt, are the most important historical records ever found in connection with the Bible. They most fully confirm the historical statements of the Book of Joshua, and prove the antiquity of civilization in Syria and Palestine. As the clay in different parts of Palestine differs, it has been found possible by the clay alone to decide where the tablets come from when the name of the writer is lost. The inscriptions are cuneiform, and in the Aramaic language, resembling Assyrian. The writers are Phoenicians, Amorites, and Philistines, but in no instance Hittites, though Hittites are mentioned. The tablets consist of official dispatches and letters, dating from B.C. 1480, addressed to the two Pharaohs, Amenophis III. and IV., the last of this dynasty, from the kings and governors of Phoenicia and Palestine. There occur the names of three kings killed by Joshua, Adoni-zedec, king of Jerusalem, Japhia, king of Lachish (Josh. 10:3), and Jabin, king of Hazor (11:1); also the Hebrews (Abiri) are said to have come from the desert.

The principal prophecies of Scripture regarding Egypt are these, Isa. 19; Jer. 43: 8-13; 44:30; 46; Ezek. 29-32; and it might be easily shown that they have all been remarkably fulfilled. For example, the singular disappearance of Noph (i.e., Memphis) is a fulfilment of Jer. 46:19, Ezek. 30:13.

Sources: OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding Data (CC BY 4.0, af301ca) · STEPBible TIPNR (CC BY 4.0, Egypt@Gen.12.10-Rev) · Theographic Bible Metadata (CC BY-SA 4.0, egypt_362)

Egypt

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